Preventing and countering violent extremism as and when conducive to terrorism, however, also means addressing the underlying conditions that drive individuals to join violent extremist groups. For these reasons, our counter-terrorism efforts require a whole-of-society approach. This involves engaging in targeted dialogue, promoting community-led initiatives to address local grievances, and building trusting partnerships with grass-roots organizations. No government or multi-lateral institution alone is able to reach as broadly or deeply into a society.